English

On unique sums in Abelian groups

Combinatorics 2023-09-20 v2 Number Theory

Abstract

Let AA be a subset of the cyclic group Z/pZ\mathbf{Z}/p\mathbf{Z} with pp prime. It is a well-studied problem to determine how small A|A| can be if there is no unique sum in A+AA+A, meaning that for every two elements a1,a2Aa_1,a_2\in A, there exist a1,a2Aa_1',a_2'\in A such that a1+a2=a1+a2a_1+a_2=a_1'+a_2' and {a1,a2}{a1,a2}\{a_1,a_2\}\neq \{a_1',a_2'\}. Let m(p)m(p) be the size of a smallest subset of Z/pZ\mathbf{Z}/p\mathbf{Z} with no unique sum. The previous best known bounds are logpm(p)p\log p \ll m(p)\ll \sqrt{p}. In this paper we improve both the upper and lower bounds to ω(p)logpm(p)(logp)2\omega(p)\log p \leqslant m(p)\ll (\log p)^2 for some function ω(p)\omega(p) which tends to infinity as pp\to \infty. In particular, this shows that for any BZ/pZB\subset \mathbf{Z}/p\mathbf{Z} of size B<ω(p)logp|B|<\omega(p)\log p, its sumset B+BB+B contains a unique sum. We also obtain corresponding bounds on the size of the smallest subset of a general Abelian group having no unique sum.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2303.15134,
  title  = {On unique sums in Abelian groups},
  author = {Benjamin Bedert},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.15134},
  year   = {2023}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T09:35:22.850Z