English

On the Representation and State Complexity of Block Languages

Formal Languages and Automata Theory 2025-05-19 v2

Abstract

In this paper, we consider block languages, namely sets of words having the same length, and we propose a new representation for these languages. In particular, given an alphabet of size kk and a length \ell, a block language can be represented by a bitmap of length kk^\ell, where each bit indicates whether the corresponding word, according to the lexicographical order, belongs, or not, to the language (bit equal to 1 or 0, respectively). First, we show how to convert bitmaps into deterministic and nondeterministic finite automata, and we prove that the machines are minimal. Then, we give an analysis of the maximum number of states sufficient to accept every block language in the deterministic and nondeterministic case. Finally, we study the deterministic and nondeterministic state complexity of several operations on these languages. Being a subclass of finite languages, the upper bounds of operational state complexity known for finite languages apply for block languages as well. However, in several cases, smaller values were found.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2404.11746,
  title  = {On the Representation and State Complexity of Block Languages},
  author = {Guilherme Duarte and Nelma Moreira and Luca Prigioniero and Rogério Reis},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.11746},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T15:57:54.078Z