On the notion of structure species in Bourbaki's sence

The exposition of the theory of structure species in Bourbaki's tractate takes only a few pages but still is quite difficult. However, in the exercises, Bourbaki outlines another approach that is based on the notion of structure type rather than the notion of echelon construction scheme. Herewith, relying on the permissible limits common sense, one can proceed without complicating consideration the concept of the balanced string of signs, and then get quite affordable and at the same time sufficiently rigorous exposition. That's what we are doing by following the path proposed in this doctoral thesis. To make the presentation as accessible as possible, we have included in it a large number of examples. The work ends with the definition of kind structure. The author hopes to continue work, including in her consideration of the three main species of the general structures combined structures and structures with morphisms.