English

On the first occurrences of gaps between primes in a residue class

Number Theory 2020-10-22 v4

Abstract

We study the first occurrences of gaps between primes in the arithmetic progression (P): rr, r+qr+q, r+2qr+2q, r+3q,,r+3q,\ldots, where qq and rr are coprime integers, q>r1q>r\ge1. The growth trend and distribution of the first-occurrence gap sizes are similar to those of maximal gaps between primes in (P). The histograms of first-occurrence gap sizes, after appropriate rescaling, are well approximated by the Gumbel extreme value distribution. Computations suggest that first-occurrence gaps are much more numerous than maximal gaps: there are O(log2x)O(\log^2 x) first-occurrence gaps between primes in (P) below xx, while the number of maximal gaps is only O(logx)O(\log x). We explore the connection between the asymptotic density of gaps of a given size and the corresponding generalization of Brun's constant. For the first occurrence of gap dd in (P), we expect the end-of-gap prime pdexp(d/φ(q))p\asymp\sqrt{d}\exp(\sqrt{d/\varphi(q)}) infinitely often. Finally, we study the gap size as a function of its index in the sequence of first-occurrence gaps.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2002.02115,
  title  = {On the first occurrences of gaps between primes in a residue class},
  author = {Alexei Kourbatov and Marek Wolf},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.02115},
  year   = {2020}
}

Comments

24 pages, 4 figures. Sequel to arXiv:1901.03785