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On the convolution inequality $f \geq f\star f$

Functional Analysis 2021-05-24 v2 Probability

Abstract

We consider the inequality ffff \geqslant f\star f for real integrable functions on dd dimensional Euclidean space where fff\star f denotes the convolution of ff with itself. We show that all such functions ff are non-negative, which is not the case for the same inequality in LpL^p for any 1<p21 < p \leqslant 2, for which the convolution is defined. We also show that all integrable solutions ff satisfy f(x)dx12\int f(x){\rm d}x \leqslant \tfrac12. Moreover, if f(x)dx=12\int f(x){\rm d}x = \tfrac12, then ff must decay fairly slowly: xf(x)dx=\int |x| f(x){\rm d}x = \infty, and this is sharp since for all r<1r< 1, there are solutions with f(x)dx=12\int f(x){\rm d}x = \tfrac12 and xrf(x)dx<\int |x|^r f(x){\rm d}x <\infty. However, if f(x)dx=:a<12\int f(x){\rm d}x = : a < \tfrac12, the decay at infinity can be much more rapid: we show that for all a<12a<\tfrac12, there are solutions such that for some ϵ>0\epsilon>0, eϵxf(x)dx<\int e^{\epsilon|x|}f(x){\rm d}x < \infty.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2002.04184,
  title  = {On the convolution inequality $f \geq f\star f$},
  author = {Eric A. Carlen and Ian Jauslin and Elliott H. Lieb and Michael P. Loss},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.04184},
  year   = {2021}
}

Comments

This is the final version published in International Mathematics Research Notices