English

On the complexity of upper frequently hypercyclic vectors

Functional Analysis 2025-06-30 v1 Classical Analysis and ODEs Dynamical Systems General Topology

Abstract

Given a continuous linear operator T:XXT:X\to X, where XX is a topological vector space, let UFHC(T)\mathrm{UFHC}(T) be the set of upper frequently hypercyclic vectors, that is, the set of vectors xXx \in X such that {nω:TnxU}\{n \in \omega: T^nx \in U\} has positive upper asymptotic density for all nonempty open sets UXU\subseteq X. It is known that UFHC(T)\mathrm{UFHC}(T) is a GδσδG_{\delta\sigma\delta}-set which is either empty or contains a dense GδG_{\delta}-set. Using a purely topological proof, we improve it by showing that UFHC(T)\mathrm{UFHC}(T) is always a GδσG_{\delta\sigma}-set. Bonilla and Grosse-Erdmann asked in [Rev. Mat. Complut. \textbf{31} (2018), 673--711] whether UFHC(T)\mathrm{UFHC}(T) is always a GδG_{\delta}-set. We answer such question in the negative, by showing that there exists a continuous linear operator TT for which UFHC(T)\mathrm{UFHC}(T) is not a FσδF_{\sigma\delta}-set (hence not GδG_\delta). In addition, we study the [non-]equivalence between (the ideal versions of) upper frequently hypercyclicity in the product topology and upper frequently hypercyclicity in the norm topology.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2506.22341,
  title  = {On the complexity of upper frequently hypercyclic vectors},
  author = {Szymon Glab and Paolo Leonetti},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.22341},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T03:36:46.190Z