On the behavior of test ideals under finite morphisms

We derive transformation rules for test ideals and $F$-singularities under an arbitrary finite surjective morphism $\pi : Y \to X$ of normal varieties in prime characteristic $p > 0$. The main technique is to relate homomorphisms $F_{*} O_{X} \to O_{X}$, such as Frobenius splittings, to homomorphisms $F_{*} O_{Y} \to O_{Y}$. In the simplest cases, these rules mirror transformation rules for multiplier ideals in characteristic zero. As a corollary, we deduce sufficient conditions which imply that trace is surjective, i.e. $Tr_{Y/X}(\pi_{*}O_{Y}) = O_{X}$.