On partial abelianization of framed local systems

D.~Gaiotto, G.~W.~Moore and A.~Neitzke introduced spectral networks to understand the framed $G$-local systems over punctured surfaces for $G$ a split Lie group via a procedure called abelianization. We generalize this construction to groups $G$ of the form $\mathrm{GL}_2(A)$, where $A$ is a unital associative ring, and to some of its subgroups. This relies on a precise analysis of the degree 2 ramified coverings associated with spectral networks and triangulations and on a matrix reinterpretation of their path lifting rules; along the way we provide another proof of the Laurent phenomenon brought to light by A.~Berenstein and V.~Retakh. The partial abelianization enables us to gives parametrizations of the moduli spaces of decorated $G$-local systems and of framed $G$-local systems over punctured surfaces. For $(A, \sigma)$ a Hermitian involutive $\mathbf{R}$-algebra the group $G=\mathrm{Sp}_2(A, \sigma)$ is a classical Hermitian Lie group of tube type, and we are able to identify and parametrize the moduli space of maximal framed $G$-local systems.