English

On non-equatorial embeddings into $\mathbb{R}^3$ of spherically symmetric wormholes with topological defects

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology 2025-12-17 v1

Abstract

Traditionally, the embedding procedure for spherically symmetric spacetimes has been restricted to the equatorial plane θ=π/2\theta = \pi/2. This conventional approach, however, encounters a fundamental limitation: not every spherically symmetric geometry admits an isometric embedding of its equatorial slice into three-dimensional Euclidean space. When such embeddings are not possible, the standard geometric intuition becomes inapplicable. In this work, we generalize the embedding procedure to slices with arbitrary polar angles θπ/2\theta \neq \pi/2, thereby extending the visualization and analysis of spacetimes beyond the reach of traditional methods. The formalism is applied to Schwarzschild-like wormholes and to a generalized Minkowski spacetime with angular deficit or excess, which are particularly relevant since their equatorial slices cannot be consistently embedded in R3\mathbb{R}^3. In these cases, we identify the explicit constraints on the radial coordinate, polar angle, and geometric parameters required to guarantee consistent embeddings into three-dimensional Euclidean space.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2512.13942,
  title  = {On non-equatorial embeddings into $\mathbb{R}^3$ of spherically symmetric wormholes with topological defects},
  author = {Mauricio Cataldo and Daniel Cuevas},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.13942},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

11 pages, 8 figures, to be published in EPJP