English

On-Chip Learning via Transformer In-Context Learning

Neural and Evolutionary Computing 2024-10-14 v1

Abstract

Autoregressive decoder-only transformers have become key components for scalable sequence processing and generation models. However, the transformer's self-attention mechanism requires transferring prior token projections from the main memory at each time step (token), thus severely limiting their performance on conventional processors. Self-attention can be viewed as a dynamic feed-forward layer, whose matrix is input sequence-dependent similarly to the result of local synaptic plasticity. Using this insight, we present a neuromorphic decoder-only transformer model that utilizes an on-chip plasticity processor to compute self-attention. Interestingly, the training of transformers enables them to ``learn'' the input context during inference. We demonstrate this in-context learning ability of transformers on the Loihi 2 processor by solving a few-shot classification problem. With this we emphasize the importance of pretrained models especially their ability to find simple, local, backpropagation free, learning rules enabling on-chip learning and adaptation in a hardware friendly manner.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2410.08711,
  title  = {On-Chip Learning via Transformer In-Context Learning},
  author = {Jan Finkbeiner and Emre Neftci},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.08711},
  year   = {2024}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T19:17:41.060Z