On acylindrical tree actions and outer automorphism group of Baumslag-Solitar groups

This paper explores acylindrical actions on trees, building on previous works related to the mapping class group and projection complexes. We demonstrate that the quotient action of a $1$-acylindrical action of a group on a tree by an equivariant family of subgroups remains $1$-acylindrical. We establish criteria for ensuring that this quotient action is non-elementary acylindrical, thus preserving acylindrical hyperbolicity of the group. Additionally, we show that the fundamental group of a graph of groups admits the largest acylindrical action on its Bass-Serre tree under certain conditions. As an application, we analyze the outer automorphism group of non-solvable Baumslag-Solitar groups, we prove its acylindrical hyperbolicity, highlighting the differences between various tree actions and identifying the largest acylindrical action.