Two dissimilar Josephson junctions, which are connected to a heater can act as precise batteries. Because of the difference in thermoelectric power of these batteries, circuit with two dissimilar batteries, under heat flow ΔT∼10−5K would have a net EMF 10−11V around the zero-resistance loop leading to a loop's magnetic flux oscillating in time. It is shown its theoretical value is proportional to both the temperature difference as well as the disparity in the thermoelectric powers of the two junctions.
@article{arxiv.0806.2311,
title = {On a Possibility to Measure Thermoelectric Power in SNS Structures},
author = {Bobomurat Ahmedov},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:0806.2311},
year = {2009}
}