English

Occupation-condensation transition of a sublinearly vertex-reinforced random walk on regular tree

Statistical Mechanics 2026-07-18 v1 Mathematical Physics

Abstract

A vertex-reinforced random walk steps to a neighbour with probability proportional to 1+βna1+\beta n^{a}, where nn counts previous visits to that neighbour and a(0,1)a\in(0,1) sets the memory strength. On the rooted bb-ary tree the exponential growth of the vertex set drives the walk outward while the reinforcement pulls it back. We report a sharp condensation transition of the occupation measure at a finite βc(a,b)\beta_c(a,b): below it the occupation spreads and the range grows linearly; above it a single vertex holds an O(1)O(1) fraction of the time, stable in the observation time, while the range keeps growing very slowly, at a rate better described by logt\log t than by any power. We do not find the range to be bounded, and keep this condensation distinct from finite-range localization. Four estimators locate the same threshold, which shows no systematic drift out to t=3×107t=3\times10^{7}. In a frozen environment the walk is reversible, with edge conductances cuv=wuwvc_{uv}=w_{u}w_{v}, wv=1+βnvaw_{v}=1+\beta n_{v}^{a}, and measure μvwvuvwu\mu_{v}\propto w_{v}\sum_{u\sim v}w_{u} describing the condensed core, whose neighbour coupling we test directly. Reversibility places the escape at the frontier within the branching-number criterion for biased walks on trees, predicting βcb1\beta_c\propto b-1; the measured lines for b=2,3,4b=2,3,4 collapse under division by b1b-1 to a few percent (bootstrap). The value a=1/2a=1/2 that governs the walk on Z\mathbb{Z} enters only as the marginal exponent of the condensed profile. Near βc\beta_c the occupancy is non-self-averaging and bimodal, a coexistence-type phenomenology.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2607.16971,
  title  = {Occupation-condensation transition of a sublinearly vertex-reinforced random walk on regular tree},
  author = {Bon A Koo and Edward Ju},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.16971},
  year   = {2026}
}