Observations of Early Black Holes Before and After JWST
Abstract
These notes are from three lectures given at the 54th Saas-Fee Advanced Course of the Swiss Society of Astrophysics and Astronomy in January 2025. This chapter reviews the dramatic evolution in our understanding of supermassive black holes in the first billion years, from ground-based discoveries to recent space-based infrared observations with JWST. Section 1 introduces AGN and quasars to contextualise observations at the highest redshifts. Section 2 reviews the pre-JWST understanding of early quasars, including personal accounts of how key discoveries were made. Section 3 examines how JWST is transforming the field, from black hole mass measurements and host galaxy characterisation to large-scale environmental studies, and identifies emerging directions.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2603.21976,
title = {Observations of Early Black Holes Before and After JWST},
author = {Eduardo Banados},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.21976},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
Lectures given at the 54th Saas-Fee Advanced Course "Galaxies and Black Holes in the First Billion Years as seen by JWST", January 2025; 53 pages (not counting references), 33 figures. The reionization-era quasar census used in Figs. 14 and 33 is available at https://zenodo.org/records/19094457