Observation of non-contact Casimir friction
Abstract
Quantum mechanics predicts the occurrence of random electromagnetic field fluctuations, or virtual photons, in vacuum. The exchange of virtual photons between two bodies in relative motion could lead to non-contact quantum vacuum friction or Casimir friction. Despite its theoretical significance, the non-contact Casimir frictional force has not been observed and its theoretical predictions have varied widely. In this work, we report the first measurement of the non-contact Casimir frictional force between two moving bodies. By employing two mechanical oscillators with resonant frequencies far lower than those in Lorentz models of electrons in dielectric materials, we have amplified the Casimir frictional force at low relative velocities by several orders of magnitude. We directly measure the non-contact Casimir frictional force between the two oscillators and show its linear dependence on velocity, proving the dissipative nature of Casimir friction. This advancement marks a pivotal contribution to the field of dissipative quantum electrodynamics and enhances our understanding of friction at the nanoscale.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2403.06051,
title = {Observation of non-contact Casimir friction},
author = {Zhujing Xu and Peng Ju and Kunhong Shen and Yuanbin Jin and Zubin Jacob and Tongcang Li},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.06051},
year = {2024}
}