Object-centric Processes with Structured Data and Exact Synchronization (Extended Version)

Real-world processes often involve interdependent objects that also carry data values, such as integers, reals, or strings. However, existing process formalisms fall short to combine key modeling features, such as tracking object identities, supporting complex datatypes, handling dependencies among them, and object-aware synchronization. Object-centric Petri nets with identifiers (OPIDs) partially address these needs but treat objects as unstructured identifiers (e.g., order and item IDs), overlooking the rich semantics of complex data values (e.g., item prices or other attributes). To overcome these limitations, we introduce data-aware OPIDs (DOPIDs), a framework that strictly extends OPIDs by incorporating structured data manipulation capabilities, and full synchronization mechanisms. In spite of the expressiveness of the model, we show that it can be made operational: Specifically, we define a novel conformance checking approach leveraging satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) to compute data-aware object-centric alignments.