English

Novel scaling laws to derive spatially resolved flare and CME parameters from sun-as-a-star observables

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics 2024-11-06 v2

Abstract

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are often associated with X-ray (SXR) flares powered by magnetic reconnection in the low-corona, while the CME shocks in the upper corona and interplanetary (IP) space accelerate electrons often producing the type-II radio bursts. The CME and the reconnection event are part of the same energy release process as highlighted by the correlation between reconnection flux (ϕrec\phi_{rec}) that quantifies the strength of the released magnetic free energy during SXR flare, and the CME kinetic energy that drives the IP shocks leading to type-II bursts. Unlike the sun, these physical parameters cannot be directly inferred in stellar observations. Hence, scaling laws between unresolved sun-as-a-star observables, namely SXR luminosity (LXL_X) and type-II luminosity (LRL_R), and the physical properties of the associated dynamical events are crucial. Such scaling laws also provide insights into the interconnections between the particle acceleration processes across low-corona to IP space during solar-stellar 'flare- CME- type-II' events. Using long-term solar data in SXR to radio waveband, we derive a scaling law between two novel power metrics for the flare and CME-associated processes. The metrics of 'flare power' (Pflare=LXϕrecP_{flare}=\sqrt{L_X\phi_{rec}}) and 'CME power' (PCME=LRVCME2P_{CME}= \sqrt{L_R {V_{CME}}^2}), where VCMEV_{CME} is the CME speed, scale as PflarePCME0.76±0.04P_{flare}\propto P_{CME}^{0.76 \pm 0.04}. Besides, LXL_X and ϕrec\phi_{rec} show power-law trends with PCMEP_{CME} with indices of 1.12±\pm0.05 and 0.61±\pm0.05 respectively. These power-laws help infer the spatially resolved physical parameters, VCMEV_{CME} and ϕrec\phi_{rec}, from disk-averaged observables, LXL_X and LRL_R during solar-stellar 'flare- CME- type-II' events.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2409.19145,
  title  = {Novel scaling laws to derive spatially resolved flare and CME parameters from sun-as-a-star observables},
  author = {Atul Mohan and Natchimuthuk Gopalswamy and Hemapriya Raju and Sachiko Akiyama},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.19145},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

Accepted in A & A Letters