Nonlinearly driven transverse synchronization in coupled chaotic systems

Synchronization transitions are investigated in coupled chaotic maps. Depending on the relative weight of linear versus nonlinear instability mechanisms associated to the single map two different scenarios for the transition may occur. When only two maps are considered we always find that the critical coupling $\epsilon_l$ for chaotic synchronization can be predicted within a linear analysis by the vanishing of the transverse Lyapunov exponent $\lambda_T$. However, major differences between transitions driven by linear or nonlinear mechanisms are revealed by the dynamics of the transient toward the synchronized state. As a representative example of extended systems a one dimensional lattice of chaotic maps with power-law coupling is considered. In this high dimensional model finite amplitude instabilities may have a dramatic effect on the transition. For strong nonlinearities an exponential divergence of the synchronization times with the chain length can be observed above $\epsilon_l$, notwithstanding the transverse dynamics is stable against infinitesimal perturbations at any instant. Therefore, the transition takes place at a coupling $\epsilon_{nl}$ definitely larger than $\epsilon_l$ and its origin is intrinsically nonlinear. The linearly driven transitions are continuous and can be described in terms of mean field results for non-equilibrium phase transitions with long range interactions. While the transitions dominated by nonlinear mechanisms appear to be discontinuous.