English

Nonlinear stability of Einstein-de Sitter universes

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology 2026-07-10 v1 Mathematical Physics Analysis of PDEs

Abstract

The Einstein-de Sitter universe is the prevailing model used in cosmology to describe the cold dark matter-dominated epoch of the universe. This model is a spatially homogeneous and isotropic spacetime undergoing decelerated expansion, and is linearly unstable under the Einstein-Euler equations with a pressureless fluid equation of state. We show that every initial data set for the Einstein-Euler equations on T3\mathbb{T}^3 with a near-flat metric and positive fluid energy density converges to a flat metric under the Einstein-Euler flow with a polytropic equation of state. This means the metric asymptotes to an Einstein-de Sitter spacetime. In particular, this settles the question of whether the Einstein-de Sitter model can be nonlinearly stable for an appropriate matter model.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2607.09326,
  title  = {Nonlinear stability of Einstein-de Sitter universes},
  author = {Louie Bernhardt and David Fajman and Zoe Wyatt},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.09326},
  year   = {2026}
}

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61 pages