Nonadiabatic Correction and Adiabatic Criteria of Noninteracting Quantum Dot Systems

We theoretically study nonadiabatic corrections for charge pumping in a noninteracting electron model of a single-level quantum dot. We derive a formula for the velocity limit of parameter driving to realize adiabatic pumping and illustrate its features in the wide-band limit. We discuss the effect of the nonadiabatic corrections in terms of a typical velocity limit, which is defined by averaging the velocity limits on the parameter contour. We also show that the typical velocity limit vanishes when the adiabaticity breakdown occurs in a quantum dot coupled to reservoirs with a band edge.