English

Non-planarity of Markoff graphs mod p

Number Theory 2022-09-13 v4

Abstract

We prove the non-planarity of a family of 3-regular graphs constructed from the solutions to the Markoff equation x2+y2+z2=xyzx^2+y^2+z^2=xyz modulo prime numbers greater than 7. The proof uses Euler characteristic and an enumeration of the short cycles in these graphs. Non-planarity for large primes would follow assuming a spectral gap, which was the original motivation. For primes congruent to 1 modulo 4, or congruent to 1, 2, or 4 modulo 7, explicit constructions give an alternate proof of non-planarity.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2105.12411,
  title  = {Non-planarity of Markoff graphs mod p},
  author = {Matthew de Courcy-Ireland},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.12411},
  year   = {2022}
}

Comments

v4: 32 pages, 10 figures; includes proof of the conjecture from v2; accepted for publication in Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici