The ratio between the gravitational waves (GW) and electromagnetic waves (EMW) luminosity distance ratio is a key observable that allows to test the nature of gravity, using gravitational waves emitted from compact binary coalescences. We develop a new non parametric method for constraining the GW-EMW distance ratio, in order to perform model independent analysis of observational data, not based on any specific theoretical of phenomenological assumption. We apply the method to the analysis of binary black hole mergers data from the GWTC-3 catalogue, performing a joint analysis of cosmological and population parameters. The results are consistent with general relativity and with previous analyses based on parametric methods.
@article{arxiv.2603.25305,
title = {Non parametric constraints of gravitational-electromagnetic luminosity distance ratio},
author = {Sergio Andrés Vallejo-Peña and Antonio Enea Romano and Jonathan Gair},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.25305},
year = {2026}
}