Non-Linear Traces on Semifinite Factors and Generalized Singular Numbers

We introduce non-linear traces of the Choquet type and Sugeno type on a semifinite factor $\mathcal{M}$ as a non-commutative analog of the Choquet integral and Sugeno integral for non-additive measures. We need weighted dimension function $p \mapsto \alpha(\tau(p))$ for projections $p \in \mathcal{M}$, which is an analog of a monotone measure. They have certain partial additivities. We show that these partial additivities characterize non-linear traces of both the Choquet type and Sugeno type respectively. Based on the notion of generalized eigenvalues and singular values, we show that non-linear traces of the Choquet type are closely related to the Lorentz function spaces and the Lorentz operator spaces if the weight functions $\alpha$ are concave. For the algebras of compact operators and factors of type ${\rm II}$, we completely determine the condition that the associated weighted $L^p$-spaces for the non-linear traces become quasi-normed spaces in terms of the weight functions $\alpha$ for any $0 < p < \infty$. We also show that any non-linear trace of the Sugeno type gives a certain metric on the factor. This is an attempt at non-linear and non-commutative integration theory on semifinite factors.