Non-equilibrium probability flux of a thermally driven micromachine
Abstract
We discuss the non-equilibrium statistical mechanics of a thermally driven micromachine consisting of three spheres and two harmonic springs [Y. Hosaka et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 86, 113801 (2017)]. We obtain the non-equilibrium steady state probability distribution function of such a micromachine and calculate its probability flux in the corresponding configuration space. The resulting probability flux can be expressed in terms of a frequency matrix that is used to distinguish between a non-equilibrium steady state and a thermal equilibrium state satisfying detailed balance. The frequency matrix is shown to be proportional to the temperature difference between the spheres. We obtain a linear relation between the eigenvalue of the frequency matrix and the average velocity of a thermally driven micromachine that can undergo a directed motion in a viscous fluid. This relation is consistent with the scallop theorem for a deterministic three-sphere microswimmer.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.1905.06796,
title = {Non-equilibrium probability flux of a thermally driven micromachine},
author = {Isamu Sou and Yuto Hosaka and Kento Yasuda and Shigeyuki Komura},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.06796},
year = {2019}
}
Comments
10 pages, 5 figures, Keyword: Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, Microswimmer, Micromachine, Non-equilibrium steady state probability distribution function, Probability flux, Detailed balance