English

Non-Destructive Zero-Knowledge Proofs on Quantum States, and Multi-Party Generation of Authorized Hidden GHZ States

Quantum Physics 2025-12-11 v3 Cryptography and Security

Abstract

We propose the first generalization of the famous Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge (NIZK) proofs to quantum languages (NIZKoQS) and we provide a protocol to prove advanced properties on a received quantum state non-destructively and non-interactively (a single message being sent from the prover to the verifier). In our second orthogonal contribution, we improve the costly Remote State Preparation protocols [CCKW18,CCKW19,GV19] that can classically fake a quantum channel (this is at the heart of our NIZKoQS protocol) by showing how to create a multi-qubits state from a single superposition. Finally, we generalize these results to a multi-party setting and prove that multiple parties can anonymously distribute a GHZ state in such a way that only participants knowing a secret credential can share this state, which could have applications to quantum anonymous transmission, quantum secret sharing, quantum onion routing and more.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2104.04742,
  title  = {Non-Destructive Zero-Knowledge Proofs on Quantum States, and Multi-Party Generation of Authorized Hidden GHZ States},
  author = {Léo Colisson and Frédéric Grosshans and Elham Kashefi},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.04742},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

59 pages, added a precise definition & proof of NIZKoQS