English

No Finite NPA Level Characterizes the Complete Quantum Set in the Simplest Bell Scenario

Quantum Physics 2026-07-16 v1

Abstract

The Navascu\'es--Pironio--Ac\'in (NPA) hierarchy gives the standard semidefinite outer approximations to quantum behaviors. Whether \emph{any} finite level can already equal the quantum set has remained open even in the bipartite scenario with two binary measurements per party. We demonstrate that \emph{no finite level} is exact. For the symmetric doubly tilted CHSH functional hα=A0B0+A0B1+A1B0A1B1+α(A0+B0)h_\alpha=A_0B_0+A_0B_1+A_1B_0-A_1B_1+\alpha(A_0+B_0), set T=1αT=1-\alpha. Its quantum maximum satisfies [ωQ(1T)(42T)]/T34/3[\omega_{\rm Q}(1-T)-(4-2T)]/T^3\to4/3, whereas every fixed NPA level satisfies [ωL(1T)ωQ(1T)]/T3+[\omega_L(1-T)-\omega_{\rm Q}(1-T)]/T^3\to+\infty. Under the corresponding boundary rescaling, an explicit expectation of the positive operator ωQ(1t2)IHt\omega_{\rm Q}(1-t^2)I-H_t converges to the Motzkin polynomial. A bounded fixed-level error would therefore make the Motzkin polynomial plus a nonnegative constant a sum of squares, which is impossible. Consequently, every standard NPA relaxation based on a fixed finite list of words in the measurement projectors strictly contains the complete quantum set, and its nonquantum behaviors accumulate at a local deterministic behavior. Thus, the finite-level exactness of CHSH and all one-sided tilted CHSH maxima does not extend to an exact finite-level description of the complete quantum set in the minimal scenario.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2607.14569,
  title  = {No Finite NPA Level Characterizes the Complete Quantum Set in the Simplest Bell Scenario},
  author = {Anubhav Chaturvedi},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.14569},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

Submitted to Physical Review Letters on 14 July 2026. Closely overlapping preprints arXiv:2607.13762 and arXiv:2607.13774 appeared on 15 July 2026. This work was completed independently beforehand and gives a distinct fully analytical proof with broader behavior-set consequences