No boundary density matrix in elliptic de Sitter dS/$\mathbb{Z}_2$
Abstract
Elliptic de Sitter (dS) spacetime dS is a non-time-orientable spacetime obtained by imposing an antipodal identification to global dS. Unlike QFT on global dS, whose vacuum state can be prepared by a no-boundary Euclidean path integral, the Euclidean elliptic dS does not define a wavefunction in the usual sense. We propose instead that the path integral on the Euclidean elliptic dS defines a no-boundary density matrix. As an explicit example, we study the free Dirac fermion CFT in two-dimensional elliptic dS and analytically compute the von Neumann and the R\'enyi entropies of this density matrix. The calculation reduces to correlation functions of vertex operators on non-orientable surfaces. As a by-product, we compute the time evolution of entanglement entropy following a crosscap quench in free Dirac fermion CFT. We also comment on a striking feature of free QFT in elliptic dS: its global Hilbert space is one-dimensional, wheres the Hilbert space associated to each observer is a nontrivial Fock space.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2512.00704,
title = {No boundary density matrix in elliptic de Sitter dS/$\mathbb{Z}_2$},
author = {Raphaël Dulac and Zixia Wei},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.00704},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
28 pages + appendices, 14 figures; v2: matches the published version