Nilpotent orbits of orthogonal groups over $p$-adic fields, and the DeBacker parametrization

For local non-archimedean fields $k$ of sufficiently large residual characteristic, we explicitly parametrize and count the rational nilpotent adjoint orbits in each algebraic orbit of orthogonal and special orthogonal groups. We separately give an explicit algorithmic construction for representatives of each orbit. We then, in the general setting of groups $\mathrm{GL}_n(D)$, $\mathrm{SL}_n(D)$ (where $D$ is a central division algebra over $k$) or classical groups, give a new characterisation of the "building set" (defined by DeBacker) of an $\mathfrak{sl}_2(k)$-triple in terms of the building of its centralizer. Using this, we prove our construction realizes DeBacker's parametrization of rational nilpotent orbits via elements of the Bruhat-Tits building.