A series of measurements using a novel technique called electrostatic-manipulation scanning tunneling microscopy were performed on a highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface. The electrostatic interaction between the STM tip and the sample can be tuned to produce both reversible and irreversible large-scale vertical movement of the HOPG surface. Under this influence, atomic-resolution STM images reveal that a continuous electronic reconstruction transition from a triangular symmetry, where only alternate atoms are imaged, to a honeycomb structure can be systematically controlled. First-principles calculations reveal that this transition can be related to vertical displacements of the top layer of graphite relative to the bulk. Detailed analysis of the band structure predicts that a transition from parabolic to linear bands occurs after a 0.09 nm displacement of the top layer.
@article{arxiv.1501.07534,
title = {New Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Technique Enables Systematic Study of the Unique Electronic Transition from Graphite to Graphene},
author = {P. Xu and Y. Yang and S. D. Barber and J. K. Schoelz and D. Qi and M. L. Ackerman and L. Bellaiche and P. M. Thibado},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1501.07534},
year = {2015}
}