New Results from High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy

High energy gamma-ray astronomy has recently made significant progresss through ground-based instruments like the {\it H.E.S.S.} array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The unprecedented angular resolution and the large field of view has allowed to spatially resolve for the first time the morphology of gamma-ray sources in the TeV energy range. The experimental technique is described and the types of sources detected and still expected are discussed. Selected results include objects as different as a Galactic binary Pulsar, the Galactic Center and Supernova Remnants but they also concern the diffuse extragalactic optical/infrared radiation field. Finally, a scan of the Galactic plane in TeV gamma rays is described which has led to a significant number of new TeV sources, many of which are still unidentified in other wavelengths. The field has a close connection with X-ray astronomy which allows the study of the synchrotron emission from these very high energy sources.