English

New Explicit Lorentzian Einstein-Weyl Structures in 3-Dimensions

Differential Geometry 2020-06-18 v4 Algebraic Geometry

Abstract

On a 33D manifold, a Weyl geometry consists of pairs (g,A)=(g, A) = (metric, 11-form) modulo gauge g^=e2φg\widehat{g} = {\rm e}^{2\varphi} g, A^=A+dφ\widehat{A} = A + {\rm d}\varphi. In 1943, Cartan showed that every solution to the Einstein-Weyl equations R(μν)13Rgμν=0R_{(\mu\nu)} - \frac{1}{3} R g_{\mu\nu} = 0 comes from an appropriate 33D leaf space quotient of a 77D connection bundle associated with a 3rd^{\rm rd} order ODE y=H(x,y,y,y)y''' = H(x,y,y',y'') modulo point transformations, provided 22 among 33 primary point invariants vanish Wu¨nschmann(H)0Cartan(H). \text{W\"unschmann}(H) \equiv 0\equiv \text{Cartan}(H). We find that point equivalence of a single PDE zy=F(x,y,z,zx)z_y = F(x,y,z,z_x) with para-CR integrability DF:=Fx+zxFz0DF := F_x + z_x F_z \equiv 0 leads to a completely similar 77D Cartan bundle and connection. Then magically, the (complicated) equation Wu¨nschmann(H)0\text{W\"unschmann}(H) \equiv 0 becomes 0Monge(F):=9Fpp2Fppppp45FppFpppFpppp+40Fppp3,p:=zx,0\equiv\text{Monge}(F):=9F_{pp}^2F_{ppppp}-45F_{pp}F_{ppp}F_{pppp}+40F_{ppp}^3,\qquad p:=z_x, whose solutions are just conics in the {p,F}\{p, F\}-plane. As an ansatz, we take F(x,y,z,p):=α(y)(zxp)2+β(y)(zxp)p+γ(y)(zxp)+δ(y)p2+ε(y)p+ζ(y)λ(y)(zxp)+μ(y)p+ν(y),F(x,y,z,p):= \frac{\alpha(y)(z-xp)^2+\beta(y)(z-xp)p+\gamma(y)(z-xp) +\delta(y)p^2+\varepsilon(y)p+\zeta(y)}{\lambda(y)(z-xp)+\mu(y) p+\nu(y)}, with 99 arbitrary functions α,,ν\alpha, \dots, \nu of yy. This FF satisfies DF0Monge(F)DF \equiv 0 \equiv \text{Monge}(F), and we show that the condition Cartan(H)0\text{Cartan}(H) \equiv 0 passes to a certain K(F)0\boldsymbol{K}(F) \equiv 0 which holds for any choice of α(y),,ν(y)\alpha(y), \dots, \nu(y). Descending to the leaf space quotient, we gain \infty-dimensional functionally parametrized and explicit families of Einstein-Weyl structures [(g,A)]\big[ (g, A) \big] in 33D. These structures are nontrivial in the sense that dA≢0{\rm d}A \not\equiv 0 and Cotton([g])≢0\text{Cotton}([g]) \not \equiv 0.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1906.10880,
  title  = {New Explicit Lorentzian Einstein-Weyl Structures in 3-Dimensions},
  author = {Joël Merker and Paweł Nurowski},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.10880},
  year   = {2020}
}