Near-Field Beampointing with Low Exposure Regions: a Dominant Subspace Projection Approach

The spherical nature of the wavefronts exhibited in the near-field of antenna arrays enables advanced beamforming capabilities, such as beampointing and beamnulling. In this paper, we exploit these properties to design a near-field beam pattern under a low exposure region constraint. We address the continuous region constraint through spatial discretization, which results in a large number of constraints that lead to prohibitive computational complexity. We propose a novel low-complexity algorithm that enables a computationally tractable beam pattern design. It uses a low-dimensional subspace representation of the low exposure region based on a singular value decomposition. Our approach achieves low complexity while providing a power received at a target user close to the optimal achievable power, yet with uniform power mitigation over the low exposure region.