English

Near automorphisms of $G_{(n,m)}$

Combinatorics 2023-12-01 v2

Abstract

Let GG be a graph with vertex set V(G)V(G), ff a permutation of V(G)V(G). Define δf(G)=d(x,y)d(f(x),f(y))\delta_f(G)=|d(x,y)-d(f(x),f(y))| and δf(G)=Σδf(x,y)\delta_f(G)=\Sigma\delta_f(x,y), where the sum is taken over all unordered pair xx, yy of distinct vertices of GG. δf(x,U)=Σδf(x,y)\delta_f(x,U)=\Sigma\delta_f(x,y), where UV(G)U\subseteq V(G) and yUy\in U. Let π(G)\pi(G) denote the smallest positive value of δf(G)\delta_f(G) among all permutations of V(G)V(G). A permutation ff with δf(G)=π(G)\delta_f(G)=\pi(G) is called a near automorphisms of GG\cite{HV}. In this paper, we define G(n,m)G_{(n,m)} is a graph obtained from KnK_n by add tit_i pendent vertices to yiy_i which is a vertex of KnK_n, i=1,,mi=1,\cdots,m, and we say yiy_i is a c-pendent vertex of G(n,m)G_(n,m). We determine π(G(n,m))\pi(G_{(n,m)}) and describe permutations ff of G(n,m)G_{(n,m)} for which π(G(n,m))=δf(G(n,m))\pi(G_{(n,m)})=\delta_f(G_{(n,m)}). Because G(1,1)G_{(1,1)} is a star and it is easy, hence we let n2n\geq 2. Suppose G(n,m)G_(n,m) has mm c-pendent vertices {y1,,ym}\{y_1, \ldots, y_m\} and yiy_i has tit_i pendent vertices(1t1t2tm1\leq t_1\leq t_2\leq \ldots \leq t_m). For m<nm<n we have π(G(n,m))={2n4nt1+2,m=12t1otherwise\pi(G_{(n,m)})= \left\{ \begin{array}{lc} 2n-4 & n \leq t_1+2, m=1 \cr 2t_1&otherwise \end{array} \right. For m=nm=n we have π(G(n,n))={4t1=1,t2=22t1+2t2otherwise\pi(G_{(n,n)})= \left\{ \begin{array}{lc} 4 & t_1=1,t_2=2 \cr 2t_1+2t_2&otherwise \end{array} \right.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2305.13630,
  title  = {Near automorphisms of $G_{(n,m)}$},
  author = {Songnian Xu},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.13630},
  year   = {2023}
}