English

Naturally quality-safe GeV axion with charm coupling

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology 2026-07-14 v1 General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Experiment High Energy Physics - Theory

Abstract

The GeV-scale QCD axion -- where Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry is broken by the QCD condensate at faO(1)f_a\sim\mathcal{O}(1)~GeV -- faces a structural isospin problem: the PQ spurion coupling to light quarks (u,d,su,d,s) breaks SU(2)\mathrm{SU}(2) isospin, generating an unacceptable 15%\sim 15\% π0\pi^0--π±\pi^\pm mass splitting. We show that coupling the PQ scalar to the charm quark instead eliminates this violation entirely, and lowering mϕ3m_\phi\sim 3--44~MeV makes the charm Yukawa κcmϕ\kappa_c\propto m_\phi perturbative (κc<1\kappa_c<1). The resulting faGeVMPlf_a\sim\text{GeV}\ll M_{\rm Pl} solves the axion quality problem: even the lowest-dimension d=6d=6 Planck-suppressed operator gives mPQ/ma1014m_{\rm PQ}/m_a\sim 10^{-14}, without any additional symmetry. The model predicts a distinctive {\it negative} ΔNeff0.1\Delta N_{\rm eff}\sim -0.1 for mϕ3m_\phi\sim 3~MeV, testable by CMB-S4. The BKσB\to K\sigma penguin predicts BR2×105\mathrm{BR}\sim 2\times 10^{-5}, consistent with the Belle~II evidence for B+K+ννˉB^+\to K^+\nu\bar{\nu} at (2.3±0.7)×105(2.3\pm0.7)\times 10^{-5}~\cite{BelleII:2024knv}. All ten classes of experimental, astrophysical, and cosmological constraints are satisfied in the viable window mϕ3m_\phi\sim 3--44~MeV, with the BsB_s mixing constraint pending a dedicated lattice calculation.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2607.12956,
  title  = {Naturally quality-safe GeV axion with charm coupling},
  author = {Bo-Qiang Lu},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.12956},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

6+10 pages, 4+2 tables, 1 figure, comments are welcome