Naturally quality-safe GeV axion with charm coupling
Abstract
The GeV-scale QCD axion -- where Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry is broken by the QCD condensate at ~GeV -- faces a structural isospin problem: the PQ spurion coupling to light quarks () breaks isospin, generating an unacceptable -- mass splitting. We show that coupling the PQ scalar to the charm quark instead eliminates this violation entirely, and lowering --~MeV makes the charm Yukawa perturbative (). The resulting solves the axion quality problem: even the lowest-dimension Planck-suppressed operator gives , without any additional symmetry. The model predicts a distinctive {\it negative} for ~MeV, testable by CMB-S4. The penguin predicts , consistent with the Belle~II evidence for at ~\cite{BelleII:2024knv}. All ten classes of experimental, astrophysical, and cosmological constraints are satisfied in the viable window --~MeV, with the mixing constraint pending a dedicated lattice calculation.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2607.12956,
title = {Naturally quality-safe GeV axion with charm coupling},
author = {Bo-Qiang Lu},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.12956},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
6+10 pages, 4+2 tables, 1 figure, comments are welcome