English

Native Language Identification with Big Bird Embeddings

Computation and Language 2023-09-14 v1

Abstract

Native Language Identification (NLI) intends to classify an author's native language based on their writing in another language. Historically, the task has heavily relied on time-consuming linguistic feature engineering, and transformer-based NLI models have thus far failed to offer effective, practical alternatives. The current work investigates if input size is a limiting factor, and shows that classifiers trained using Big Bird embeddings outperform linguistic feature engineering models by a large margin on the Reddit-L2 dataset. Additionally, we provide further insight into input length dependencies, show consistent out-of-sample performance, and qualitatively analyze the embedding space. Given the effectiveness and computational efficiency of this method, we believe it offers a promising avenue for future NLI work.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2309.06923,
  title  = {Native Language Identification with Big Bird Embeddings},
  author = {Sergey Kramp and Giovanni Cassani and Chris Emmery},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.06923},
  year   = {2023}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T12:20:17.160Z