Electron correlation is a main driver of exotic quantum phases and their interplay. The 4Hb-TaS2 system, possessing intrinsic heterostructure of 1T- and 1H-TaS2 monolayers, offers a unique opportunity to control electron correlation by distorting the atomic lattice or tuning interlayer coupling. Here, we investigated intrinsically deformed charge-density-waves (CDW) in the 1T layer of 4Hb-TaS2 to elucidate and control their effects on flat bands using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/S) combined with first-principles calculations. We identified two types of CDW defects: Type 1 has structural distortion and locally suppressed flat bands, while Type 2 features an increased flat band filling factor of intact CDW structure. Density functional theory calculations indicate that a sulfur vacancy in the 1T layer distorts the CDW structure and gives rise to a Type 1, whereas a sulfur vacancy in the 1H layer reduces the interlayer charge transfer and lead to a Type 2. Furthermore, we demonstrated creating and erasing individual CDW defects via STM manipulation. Our findings provide a pathway to not only tune flat bands but also selectively manipulate the interaction between CDW, the atomic lattice, and interlayer coupling in strongly correlated systems with atomic precision.
@article{arxiv.2507.22736,
title = {Nanoscale Modulation of Flat Bands via Controllable Charge-Density-Waves Defects in 4Hb-TaS2},
author = {Wooin Yang and Siavash Karbasizadeh and Hoyeon Jeon and Saban Hus and Arthur P. Baddorf and Sai Mu and Tom Berlijn and Haidong Zhou and Wonhee Ko and An-Ping Li},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.22736},
year = {2026}
}