English

Nanophotonic magnetometry in a spin-dense diamond cavity

Optics 2025-11-26 v1 Quantum Physics

Abstract

Quantum sensors based on the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond are leading platforms for high-sensitivity magnetometry with nanometer-scale resolution. State-of-the-art implementations, however, typically rely on bulky free-space optics or sacrifice spatial resolution to achieve high sensitivities. Here, we realize an integrated platform that overcomes this trade-off by fabricating monolithic whispering-gallery-mode cavities from a diamond chip containing a high density of NV centers and by evanescently coupling excitation to and photoluminescence from the cavity using a tapered optical fiber. Employing a lock-in-amplified Ramsey magnetometry scheme, we achieve a photon-shot-noise-limited DC sensitivity of 58nT/Hz58\,\text{nT}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}} -- the best sensitivity reported to date for a nanofabricated cavity-based magnetometer. The microscopic cavity size enables sub-micrometer-scale spatial resolution and low-power operation, while fiber-coupling provides a path to scalable on-chip integration. Arrays of such sensors could enable NV-NMR spectroscopy of sub-nanoliter samples, new magnetic-gradient imaging architectures, and compact biosensing platforms.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2511.19831,
  title  = {Nanophotonic magnetometry in a spin-dense diamond cavity},
  author = {Nicholas J. Sorensen and Elham Zohari and Joshua S. Wildeman and Sigurd Flågan and Vinaya K. Kavatamane and Paul E. Barclay},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.19831},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

21 pages, 16 figures, including appendices