English

$n^2 + 1$ unit equilateral triangles cannot cover an equilateral triangle of side $> n$ if all triangles have parallel sides

Combinatorics 2024-06-04 v3 Metric Geometry

Abstract

Conway and Soifer showed that an equilateral triangle TT of side n+εn + \varepsilon with sufficiently small ε>0\varepsilon > 0 can be covered by n2+2n^2 + 2 unit equilateral triangles. They conjectured that it is impossible to cover TT with n2+1n^2 + 1 unit equilateral triangles no matter how small ε\varepsilon is. We show that if we require all sides of the unit equilateral triangles to be parallel to the sides of TT (e.g. \bigtriangleup and \bigtriangledown), then it is impossible to cover TT of side n+εn + \varepsilon with n2+1n^2 + 1 unit equilateral triangles for any ε>0\varepsilon > 0. As the coverings of TT by Conway and Soifer only involve triangles with sides parallel to TT, our result determines the exact minimum number n2+2n^2+2 of unit equilateral triangles with all sides parallel to TT that cover TT. We also determine the largest value ε=1/(n+1)\varepsilon = 1/(n + 1) (resp. ε=1/n\varepsilon = 1 / n) of ε\varepsilon such that the equilateral triangle TT of side n+εn + \varepsilon can be covered by n2+2n^2+2 (resp. n2+3n^2 + 3) unit equilateral triangles with sides parallel to TT, where the first case is achieved by the construction of Conway and Soifer.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2306.09533,
  title  = {$n^2 + 1$ unit equilateral triangles cannot cover an equilateral triangle of side $> n$ if all triangles have parallel sides},
  author = {Jineon Baek and Seewoo Lee},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.09533},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

8 pages, 7 figures