English

Multimodal Crystal Flow: Any-to-Any Modality Generation for Unified Crystal Modeling

Machine Learning 2026-05-26 v3 Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

Crystal modeling spans a family of conditional and unconditional generation tasks, including crystal structure prediction (CSP) and de novo generation (DNG). While recent deep generative models have shown promising performance, they remain largely task-specific, lacking a unified framework that shares crystal representations across tasks. To address this limitation, we propose Multimodal Crystal Flow (MCFlow), a unified multimodal flow model that realizes multiple crystal generation tasks as distinct inference trajectories via independent time variables for atom types and crystal structures. To enable multimodal flow in a standard transformer model, we introduce a composition- and symmetry-aware atom ordering with hierarchical permutation augmentation, injecting compositional and crystallographic priors without explicit structural templates. Experiments on the MP-20 and MPTS-52 benchmarks show that a single MCFlow model is competitive with task-specific baselines across CSP, DNG, and structure-conditioned atom type generation.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2602.20210,
  title  = {Multimodal Crystal Flow: Any-to-Any Modality Generation for Unified Crystal Modeling},
  author = {Kiyoung Seong and Sungsoo Ahn and Sehui Han and Changyoung Park},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.20210},
  year   = {2026}
}