English

Multimessenger Signatures of Tilted, Self-Gravitating, Black Hole Disks

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology 2026-04-07 v1 High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena

Abstract

We perform fully relativistic GRMHD simulations of magnetized, self-gravitating black hole-disk (BHD) systems in which the black hole spin is misaligned with the disk angular momentum. Massive disks (disk to BH mass ratios of 1628%16-28\%) around rapidly rotating black holes (χ0.97\chi\lesssim 0.97) develop a nonaxisymmetric instability for tilt angles from 00^\circ to 180180^\circ. Magnetic stresses damp, but do not completely suppress, the nonaxisymmetric instability, and corresponding gravitational wave (GW) emission, in aligned systems, while they enhance it in antialigned BHDs: MRI-driven turbulence enhances angular momentum transport and accelerates nonlinear instability evolution in misaligned configurations. All models launch magnetically driven jets consistent with the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism, with collimation depending on spin orientation. The GWs reflect strong nonaxisymmetric structure from a persistent m=1m=1 mode. The coupling between fast MRI and the slower nonaxisymmetric instability growth governs the outcome, with tilt controlling how MRI modifies the global mode. These simulations provide the first self-consistent GRMHD treatment of tilted, self-gravitating BHD systems and support their role as multimessenger sources.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2604.03368,
  title  = {Multimessenger Signatures of Tilted, Self-Gravitating, Black Hole Disks},
  author = {Milton Ruiz and Antonios Tsokaros and Stuart L. Shapiro},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.03368},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

9 pages, 11 figures