English

Multidimensional Catalan and related numbers as Hausdorff moments

Combinatorics 2013-12-12 v2

Abstract

We study integral representation of so-called dd-dimensional Catalan numbers Cd(n)C_{d}(n), defined by [p=0d1p!(n+p)!](dn)![\prod_{p=0}^{d-1} \frac{p!}{(n+p)!}] (d n)!, d=2,3,...d = 2, 3, ..., n=0,1,...n=0, 1, .... We prove that the Cd(n)C_{d}(n)'s are the nnth Hausdorff power moments of positive functions Wd(x)W_{d}(x) defined on x[0,dd]x\in[0, d^d]. We construct exact and explicit forms of Wd(x)W_{d}(x) and demonstrate that they can be expressed as combinations of d1d-1 hypergeometric functions of type d1Fd2_{d-1}F_{d-2} of argument x/ddx/d^d. These solutions are unique. We analyse them analytically and graphically. A combinatorially relevant, specific extension of Cd(n)C_{d}(n) for dd even in the form Dd(n)=[p=0d1p!(n+p)!][q=0d/21(2n+2q)!(2q)!]D_{d}(n)=[\prod_{p = 0}^{d-1} \frac{p!}{(n+p)!}] [\prod_{q = 0}^{d/2 - 1} \frac{(2 n + 2 q)!}{(2 q)!}] is analyzed along the same lines.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1304.6008,
  title  = {Multidimensional Catalan and related numbers as Hausdorff moments},
  author = {K. Gorska and K. A. Penson},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1304.6008},
  year   = {2013}
}

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