Multi-gap topology and non-Abelian braiding of phonons from first principles

Non-Abelian states of matter, in which the final state depends on the order of the interchanges of two quasiparticles, can encode information immune from environmental noise with the potential to provide a robust platform for topological quantum computation. We demonstrate that phonons can carry non-Abelian frame charges at the band crossing points of their frequency spectrum, and that external stimuli can drive their braiding. We present a general framework to understand the topological configurations of phonons from first principles calculations using a topological invariant called Euler class, and provide a complete analysis of phonon braiding by combining different topological configurations. Taking a well-known dielectric material, Al$_2$O$_3$, as a representative example, we demonstrate that electrostatic doping gives rise to phonon band inversions that can induce redistribution of the frame charges, leading to non-Abelian braiding of phonons. Our work provides a new quasiparticle platform for realizable non-Abelian braiding in reciprocal space, and expands the toolset for studying braiding processes.