Monotonic Impurity Entropy beyond Unitarity: the $\mathscr{PT}-$Symmetric Quantum Impurity Model
Abstract
Quantum impurity models provide a paradigmatic setting for studying Kondo screening, boundary criticality, and impurity entropies. While these phenomena are well understood in unitary systems, their fate in non-Hermitian many-body settings remains largely unexplored. We study a -symmetric quantum impurity model consisting of a unitary Wess--Zumino--Witten bulk coupled to two impurity spins through complex-conjugate boundary Kondo interactions. Using an integrable lattice realization with -symmetric boundary impurities, solved by the Bethe Ansatz and benchmarked against finite-temperature matrix-product-state calculations, we determine the impurity contribution to the free energy and entropy. In the Kondo-screened regime, where the spectrum remains entirely real and the impurities are screened by many-body Kondo clouds, we find that the impurity entropy decreases monotonically from in the ultraviolet to in the infrared. This monotonic flow persists despite the nonunitary nature of the boundary interaction, which places the system beyond the standard assumptions of the -theorem.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2606.28495,
title = {Monotonic Impurity Entropy beyond Unitarity: the $\mathscr{PT}-$Symmetric Quantum Impurity Model},
author = {Pradip Kattel and Abay Zhakenov and Natan Andrei},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2606.28495},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
5 pages, 4 figures