Modelos de interacci\'{o}n no-conformal y termodin\'{a}mica de fluidos polares

In this thesis, we develop a simple model potential for polar molecules that effectively and accurately represents the thermodynamics of dilute gases. This potential models dipolar interactions, with a nonpolar spherical component, as seen in Stockmayer (SM) molecules or diatomic molecules such as dipolar Lennard-Jones molecules with two centers (2CLJ). Predictions based on this model for the second virial coefficient for SM and 2CLJ fluids closely match recent numerical results obtained by C. Vega et al. The model is employed to predict the critical temperature of an SM fluid with a variable dipole moment, as well as its equilibrium liquid-vapor properties. Finally, we apply this model to real polar molecules. A notable feature of this work is its connection between the shape of the potential profile and thermodynamic properties.