English

Mod-5 Galois images from abelian surfaces

Number Theory 2025-10-09 v1

Abstract

For JJ an abelian surface, the Galois representation ϱJ,:Gal(Q/Q)Aut(J[])GSp4(F)\varrho_{J, \ell} : {\rm Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q}) \rightarrow {\rm Aut}(J[\ell]) \simeq {\rm GSp}_4(\mathbb{F}_\ell) is typically surjective, with smaller images indicating extra arithmetic structure. It is already known how to probabilistically compute whether ρJ,\rho_{J, \ell} is surjective, and recent work by Chidambaram computes imρJ,\operatorname{im} \rho_{J, \ell} for =2,3\ell = 2, 3. We probabilistically compute ρJ,5\rho_{J, 5} for the Jacobians of 95% of genus 2 curves in the L-functions and Modular Forms Database (LMFDB) for which ρJ,5\rho_{J, 5} is not yet known. For the remaining Jacobians, we determine the order of the image and give a short list of candidate images.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2510.06423,
  title  = {Mod-5 Galois images from abelian surfaces},
  author = {Aidan Hennessey and Mathilde Kermorgant and Andy Zhu},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.06423},
  year   = {2025}
}

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