Open-set supervised anomaly detection (OSAD) aims to identify unseen anomalies using limited anomalous supervision. However, existing prototype-based methods typically model normal data via a unimodal Gaussian prior, failing to capture inherent multi-modality and resulting in blurred decision boundaries. To address this, we propose Mixture Prototype Flow Matching (MPFM), a framework that learns a continuous transformation from normal feature distributions to a structured Gaussian mixture prototype space. Departing from traditional flow-based approaches that rely on a single velocity vector, MPFM explicitly models the velocity field as a Gaussian mixture prior where each component corresponds to a distinct normal class. This design facilitates mode-aware and semantically coherent distribution transport. Furthermore, we introduce a Mutual Information Maximization Regularizer (MIMR) to prevent prototype collapse and maximize normal-anomaly separability. Extensive experiments demonstrate that MPFM achieves state-of-the-art performance across diverse benchmarks under both single- and multi-anomaly settings.
@article{arxiv.2605.02438,
title = {Mixture Prototype Flow Matching for Open-Set Supervised Anomaly Detection},
author = {Fuyun Wang and Yuanzhi Wang and Xu Guo and Sujia Huang and Tong Zhang and Dan Wang and Hui Yan and Xin Liu and Zhen Cui},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.02438},
year = {2026}
}