English

Missed opportunities: GRB 211211A and the case for continual gravitational-wave coverage with a single observatory

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena 2022-12-07 v2 General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

Abstract

Gamma-ray burst GRB 211211A may have been the result of a neutron star merger at 350\approx350 Mpc. However, none of the LIGO-Virgo detectors were operating at the time. We show that the gravitational-wave signal from a \grb-like binary neutron star inspiral in the next LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run (O4) would be below the conventional detection threshold, however a coincident gamma-ray burst observation would provide necessary information to claim a statistically-significant multimessenger observation. We calculate that with O4 sensitivity, approximately 11%11\% of gamma-ray bursts within 600 Mpc will produce a confident association between the gravitational-wave binary neutron star inspiral signature and the prompt gamma-ray signature. This corresponds to a coincident detection rate of \unit[0.220.22+8.3]yr1\unit[0.22^{+8.3}_{-0.22}]{yr^{-1}}, where the uncertainties are the 90\% confidence intervals arising from uncertainties in the absolute merger rate, beaming and jet-launching fractions. These increase to approximately 34%34\% and \unit[0.710.70+26.8]yr1\unit[0.71^{+26.8}_{-0.70}]{yr^{-1}} with proposed O5 sensitivity. We show that the above numbers do not depend significantly on the number of gravitational-wave observatories operating with the specific sensitivity. That is, the number of confident joint gamma-ray burst and gravitational-wave detections is only marginally improved with two or three detectors operating compared to a single detector. It is therefore worth considering whether one detector with sufficient sensitivity (post O4) should remain in sky-watch mode at all times to elucidate the true nature of GRB 211211A-like events, a proposal we discuss in detail.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2210.14938,
  title  = {Missed opportunities: GRB 211211A and the case for continual gravitational-wave coverage with a single observatory},
  author = {Nikhil Sarin and Paul D. Lasky and Rowina S. Nathan},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.14938},
  year   = {2022}
}

Comments

Accepted in MNRAS, 8 pages 2 figures