Minimal exponents of hyperplane sections: a conjecture of Teissier

We prove a conjecture of Teissier asserting that if $f$ has an isolated singularity at $P$ and $H$ is a smooth hypersurface through $P$, then $\widetilde{\alpha}_P(f)\geq \widetilde{\alpha}_P(f\vert_H)+\frac{1}{\theta_P(f)+1}$, where $\widetilde{\alpha}_P(f)$ and $\widetilde{\alpha}_P(f\vert_H)$ are the minimal exponents at $P$ of $f$ and $f\vert_H$, respectively, and $\theta_P(f)$ is an invariant obtained by comparing the integral closures of the powers of the Jacobian ideal of $f$ and of the ideal defining $P$. The proof builds on the approaches of Loeser and Elduque-Mustata. The new ingredients are a result concerning the behavior of Hodge ideals with respect to finite maps and a result about the behavior of certain Hodge ideals for families of isolated singularities with constant Milnor number. In the opposite direction, we show that for every $f$, if $H$ is a general hypersurface through $P$, then $\widetilde{\alpha}_P(f)\leq \widetilde{\alpha}_P(f\vert_H)+\frac{1}{{\rm mult}_P(f)}$, extending a result of Loeser from the case of isolated singularities.