Microscopic evidence of spin-driven multiferroicity and topological spin textures in monolayer NiI2
Abstract
In type II multiferroics, noncollinear spin textures are expected to induce electric polarization directly, leading to strong magnetoelectric coupling. Realizing such spin driven multiferroicity in two-dimensional systems, and elucidating the interplay between local spins and electric polarization, are of both fundamental and technological importance. Here, using vectorial spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy, we investigated the spin-driven multiferroicity in monolayer NiI2 at atomic scale. We identify a canted spin-spiral state with fully determined spin rotation plane, accompanied by a 2Q charge modulation. At spin spiral domain walls, we discover topological spin textures that composed of meron/antimeron pairs. These textures are associated with distinct charge pattern and notable band shifts, indicating local bound charges induced by variations of ferroelectricity at domain wall. Our observations are well captured by a realistic spin model incorporating Kitaev interactions and generalized spin-current model of type II multiferroicity. The findings provide microscopic evidence of spin-driven multiferroicity in an extreme 2D system and establish a platform for low-dissipation, electric-field control of topological spin textures.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2604.06959,
title = {Microscopic evidence of spin-driven multiferroicity and topological spin textures in monolayer NiI2},
author = {Haitao Wang and Tianxing Jiang and Weiyi Pan and Xu Wang and Hongyu Wang and Junchao Tian and Lianchuang Li and Dongming Zhao and Qingle Zhang and Chenxi Wang and Ying Yang and Hongjun Xiang and Changsong Xu and Donglai Feng and Tong Zhang},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.06959},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
26 pages, 20 figures, supplementary materials included