English

Metric tensors and two-forms in information geometry from the GNS construction

Mathematical Physics 2026-07-17 v1

Abstract

We develop a GNS-based construction of geometric tensors on smooth parametric statistical models over CC^*-algebras. Since the state space of a CC^*-algebra is generally not a smooth manifold, the construction does not rely on pulling back tensors from an ambient state manifold. Instead, the GNS Hilbert spaces and their duals are organized into non-locally-trivial Hilbert fibrations over the state space. For models satisfying a compatibility condition expressing derivatives of expectation values as continuous functionals on the realified GNS fibers, each tangent vector admits a canonical dual GNS representative. Pulling back the dual GNS Hermitian product along the corresponding canonical lift produces a Hermitian tensor KK on the complexified tangent bundle of the model, whose real and imaginary parts define, under suitable regularity assumptions, a smooth weak Riemannian metric tensor GG and a smooth two-form Ω\Omega. In finite-dimensional parameter manifolds the metric is, of course, strong. The construction recovers the Fisher--Rao metric in the commutative dominated case, the Fubini--Study geometry for pure states up to the normalization and sign convention imposed by the dual GNS pairing, and the SLD metric for faithful quantum states. In finite-dimensional faithful models, the two-form Ω\Omega is proportional, up to convention, to the expected commutator of the SLD representatives, equivalently to the mean Uhlmann curvature. We show through faithful qubits and displaced thermal states that Ω\Omega need not be closed. For bundle-regular models, the associated fiberwise symplectic form on the real dual GNS bundle admits connection-dependent closed extensions to the total space, while closedness of Ω\Omega on the parameter manifold is controlled by the covariant exterior derivative of the canonical real dual GNS lift.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2607.15800,
  title  = {Metric tensors and two-forms in information geometry from the GNS construction},
  author = {M. Castrillón López and F. M. Ciaglia and L. González-Bravo and A. Ibort},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.15800},
  year   = {2026}
}

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